[a4d0da5] | 1 | GNU Free Documentation License |
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| 2 | Version 1.2, November 2002 |
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| 3 | Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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| 4 | 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA |
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| 5 | |
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| 6 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
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| 7 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
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| 8 | |
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| 9 | 0. PREAMBLE |
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| 10 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and |
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| 11 | useful document free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom |
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| 12 | to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
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| 13 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
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| 14 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications |
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| 15 | made by others. |
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| 16 | This License is a kind of âcopyleftâ, which means that derivative works of the document |
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| 17 | must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public |
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| 18 | License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. |
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| 19 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because |
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| 20 | free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals |
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| 21 | providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to |
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| 22 | software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
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| 23 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for |
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| 24 | works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
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| 25 | 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
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| 26 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a |
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| 27 | notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms |
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| 28 | of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in |
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| 29 | duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The âDocumentâ, |
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| 30 | below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and |
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| 31 | is addressed as âyouâ. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work |
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| 32 | in a way requiring permission under copyright law. |
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| 33 | A âModified Versionâ of the Document means any work containing the Document or |
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| 34 | a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into |
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| 35 | another language. |
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| 36 | A âSecondary Sectionâ is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document |
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| 37 | that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document |
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| 38 | to the Documentâs overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that |
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| 39 | could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a |
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| 40 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The |
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| 41 | relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related |
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| 42 | matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
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| 43 | them. |
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| 44 | The âInvariant Sectionsâ are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as |
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| 45 | being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released |
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| 46 | under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is |
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| 47 | not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant |
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| 48 | Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. |
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| 49 | The âCover Textsâ are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover |
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| 50 | Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under |
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| 51 | this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may |
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| 52 | be at most 25 words. |
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| 53 | A âTransparentâ copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented |
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| 54 | in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for |
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| 55 | revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed |
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| 56 | of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing |
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| 57 | editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to |
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| 58 | a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise |
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| 59 | Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to |
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| 60 | thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image |
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| 61 | format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is |
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| 62 | not âTransparentâ is called âOpaqueâ. |
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| 63 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ascii without |
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| 64 | markup, Texinfo input format, LaTEX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly |
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| 65 | available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed |
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| 66 | for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF |
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| 67 | and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited |
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| 68 | only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
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| 69 | processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, |
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| 70 | PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only. |
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| 71 | The âTitle Pageâ means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following |
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| 72 | pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the |
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| 73 | title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, âTitle Pageâ |
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| 74 | means the text near the most prominent appearance of the workâs title, preceding the |
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| 75 | beginning of the body of the text. |
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| 76 | A section âEntitled XYZâ means a named subunit of the Document whose title either |
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| 77 | is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in |
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| 78 | another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such |
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| 79 | as âAcknowledgementsâ, âDedicationsâ, âEndorsementsâ, or âHistoryâ.) To âPreserve |
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| 80 | the Titleâ of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
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| 81 | section âEntitled XYZâ according to this definition. |
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| 82 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that |
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| 83 | this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to |
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| 84 | be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: |
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| 85 | any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no |
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| 86 | effect on the meaning of this License. |
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| 87 | 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
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| 88 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or |
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| 89 | noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license |
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| 90 | notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and |
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| 91 | that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
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| 92 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies |
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| 93 | you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. |
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| 94 | If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions |
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| 95 | in section 3. |
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| 96 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly |
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| 97 | display copies. |
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| 98 | 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
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| 99 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of |
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| 100 | the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Documentâs license notice requires |
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| 101 | Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all |
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| 102 | these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
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| 103 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher |
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| 104 | of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title |
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| 105 | equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
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| 106 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the |
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| 107 | Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other |
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| 108 | respects. |
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| 109 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put |
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| 110 | the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the |
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| 111 | rest onto adjacent pages. |
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| 112 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, |
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| 113 | you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque |
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| 114 | copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which |
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| 115 | the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network |
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| 116 | protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If |
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| 117 | you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin |
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| 118 | distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will |
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| 119 | remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time |
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| 120 | you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
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| 121 | edition to the public. |
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| 122 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well |
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| 123 | before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you |
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| 124 | with an updated version of the Document. |
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| 125 | 4. MODIFICATIONS |
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| 126 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions |
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| 127 | of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely |
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| 128 | this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing |
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| 129 | distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of |
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| 130 | it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
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| 131 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the |
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| 132 | Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, |
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| 133 | be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as |
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| 134 | a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
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| 135 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for |
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| 136 | authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five |
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| 137 | of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer |
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| 138 | than five), unless they release you from this requirement. |
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| 139 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the |
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| 140 | publisher. |
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| 141 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
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| 142 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other |
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| 143 | copyright notices. |
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| 144 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public |
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| 145 | permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form |
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| 146 | shown in the Addendum below. |
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| 147 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover |
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| 148 | Texts given in the Documentâs license notice. |
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| 149 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
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| 150 | I. Preserve the section Entitled âHistoryâ, Preserve its Title, and add to it an item |
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| 151 | stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version |
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| 152 | as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled âHistoryâ in the Document, |
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| 153 | create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document |
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| 154 | as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as |
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| 155 | stated in the previous sentence. |
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| 156 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to |
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| 157 | a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in |
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| 158 | the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the |
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| 159 | âHistoryâ section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published |
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| 160 | at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the |
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| 161 | version it refers to gives permission. |
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| 162 | K. For any section Entitled âAcknowledgementsâ or âDedicationsâ, Preserve the Title |
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| 163 | of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the |
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| 164 | contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. |
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| 165 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and |
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| 166 | in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the |
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| 167 | section titles. |
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| 168 | M. Delete any section Entitled âEndorsementsâ. Such a section may not be included |
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| 169 | in the Modified Version. |
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| 170 | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled âEndorsementsâ or to conflict in |
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| 171 | title with any Invariant Section. |
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| 172 | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
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| 173 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify |
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| 174 | as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at |
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| 175 | your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their |
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| 176 | titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Versionâs license notice. These |
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| 177 | titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
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| 178 | You may add a section Entitled âEndorsementsâ, provided it contains nothing but |
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| 179 | endorsements of your Modified Version by various partiesâfor example, statements of |
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| 180 | peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative |
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| 181 | definition of a standard. |
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| 182 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up |
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| 183 | to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified |
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| 184 | Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be |
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| 185 | added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
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| 186 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement |
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| 187 | made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but |
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| 188 | you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that |
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| 189 | added the old one. |
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| 190 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission |
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| 191 | to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified |
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| 192 | Version. |
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| 193 | 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
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| 194 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, |
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| 195 | under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you |
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| 196 | include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, |
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| 197 | unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license |
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| 198 | notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
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| 199 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical |
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| 200 | Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant |
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| 201 | Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section |
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| 202 | unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or |
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| 203 | publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment |
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| 204 | to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined |
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| 205 | work. |
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| 206 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled âHistoryâ in the various |
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| 207 | original documents, forming one section Entitled âHistoryâ; likewise combine any |
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| 208 | sections Entitled âAcknowledgementsâ, and any sections Entitled âDedicationsâ. You |
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| 209 | must delete all sections Entitled âEndorsements.â |
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| 210 | 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
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| 211 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released |
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| 212 | under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various |
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| 213 | documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you |
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| 214 | follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all |
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| 215 | other respects. |
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| 216 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually |
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| 217 | under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted |
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| 218 | document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of |
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| 219 | that document. |
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| 220 | 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
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| 221 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent |
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| 222 | documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called |
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| 223 | an âaggregateâ if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the |
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| 224 | legal rights of the compilationâs users beyond what the individual works permit. When |
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| 225 | the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other |
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| 226 | works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
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| 227 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, |
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| 228 | then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Documentâs Cover |
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| 229 | Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
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| 230 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they |
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| 231 | must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. |
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| 232 | 8. TRANSLATION |
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| 233 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations |
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| 234 | of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with |
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| 235 | translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may |
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| 236 | include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions |
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| 237 | of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the |
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| 238 | license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you |
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| 239 | also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of |
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| 240 | those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and |
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| 241 | the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will |
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| 242 | prevail. |
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| 243 | If a section in the Document is Entitled âAcknowledgementsâ, âDedicationsâ, or âHistoryâ, |
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| 244 | the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require |
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| 245 | changing the actual title. |
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| 246 | 9. TERMINATION |
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| 247 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly |
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| 248 | provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or |
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| 249 | distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under |
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| 250 | this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
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| 251 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full |
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| 252 | compliance. |
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| 253 | 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
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| 254 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free |
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| 255 | Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit |
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| 256 | to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. |
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| 257 | See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
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| 258 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document |
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| 259 | specifies that a particular numbered version of this License âor any later versionâ |
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| 260 | applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that |
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| 261 | specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by |
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| 262 | the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of |
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| 263 | this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free |
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| 264 | Software Foundation. |
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